FTP PROTOCOL

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Explained — Networking Basics Made Easy 

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is one of the most widely used network protocols for transferring files between clients and servers over the internet. Whether you are managing websites, uploading files to servers, or learning networking fundamentals, understanding FTP is essential for anyone interested in IT, cybersecurity, or system administration.

FTP works using the TCP/IP protocol stack and typically uses two main ports: Port 21 for control communication and Port 20 for data transfer in active mode. There are two main FTP modes — Active FTP, where the server initiates the data connection, and Passive FTP, where the client initiates the connection (commonly used behind firewalls for better security).

FTP uses commands like LIST (directory list), GET/RETR (download), PUT/STOR (upload), CWD (change directory), and MKD (create directory) to manage files efficiently. The connection process includes authentication using username and password before file transfer begins.

Learning FTP helps you understand how file transfers work in networking environments and improves troubleshooting, server management, and cybersecurity awareness.

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